Spain has a long and wide-ranging history which stems from pre-historic times. From its stronghold during the Spanish Empire through to the reign of Dictator Francisco Franco; Spain has become the modern place it is today rich with cultural heritage.

The first settlers to the Iberian Peninsula arrived over 35, 000 years ago, establishing themselves throughout various areas in Spain. These settlers included the Carthaginians, the Greeks and the Phoenicians who set up home throughout the country. The Roman Republic took hold of Spain around 200 BC, but lost control to the Visigoths, who in turn lost to the North Africans. Muslim states were created following this period in a period known as the Al-Andalus. This era lasted approximately 750 troubled years, with the Christian re-conquest occurring at the same time. The Reconquista culminated in 1492 with their victory at Granada, when the last Muslim ruler surrendered to the Christians. Christian kingdoms flourished during the following years, with the two largest merging to form the Kingdom of Spain.

During the years of the Spanish Empire, the country flourished and was one of the leading explorers of the New World. The Spanish opened up new trade routes to the Americas, and acquired large areas of land in both the North and South Americas. Arts and literature thrived, and the Spanish Empire prospered for several centuries. The only thing that marred this period was the Inquisition and the conduct towards the natives of the Americas.

In the years that followed, the Spanish Empire grew in stature and size, and eventually became involved in several continental European wars. Some of the wars resulted in heavy losses, whereas others resulted in added gains. Wars against France and England continued, and slowly the Empire lost its strength. The Spanish- American War in 1898 saw Spain forced to hand back much of its overseas empire to the Americas, and by the end of the nineteenth century Spain had lost much of its Empire.

A troubled period followed, with political instability fracturing the countries remaining domination. A civil war ensued and lasted for three years between 1936 and 1939 devastating the country further. A national dictatorship led by Francisco Franco was founded which thereby ended the war. Franco took measures to rebuild the country, and the economy grew rapidly during his reign.  He wanted Spain to form a national identity, which he achieved by repressing much of the country’s cultural heritage. The dictatorship would forbid certain fiestas and holidays, and promote others in their goal to unite the country. After Franco’s demise in 1975, the Bourbon monarchy resumed and the fiestas once again flourished.

Modern Spain is alive with different regional fiestas which are held weekly throughout the year. The country is a blend of the modern mixed with the contemporary, and the unique cultural heritage can be enjoyed throughout the region. Remembrances of the long and wide-spread history are still visible amidst the new and united country.